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One kind which can release the thunder and lightning or concurrently can release the electrical power system switching surge energy, protects the electrician equipment to be exempt from the instantaneous overvoltage harm, can also interrupt the after flow, does not send causes the electrical fittings which the system earth short-circuits (to see chart). The arrester usually contacts between the live wire and the stratum, with is been parallel by the protection device. When the overvoltage value achieves the stipulation the movement voltage, the arrester acts immediately, winds through the electric charge, Restrictions on over-voltage amplitude, protective equipment insulation; After the voltage keep normal, the arrester is rapid restores the original condition again, To guarantee system supplies power normally.

The most primitive arrester is the sheep horn gap, appeared in the last stage of 19th century, used in being built on stilts the transmission line, prevented the thunder stroke damage equipment insulation to cause the power cut, thus it was called “the arrester”. In the 1920s, presented the aluminum arrester, the oxide film arrester and the pill type arrester. In the 1930s presented the tubular arrester. In the 1950s presented the silicon carbide arrester. In the 1970s presented the metal oxide compound arrester. Modern high pressure arrester, not only uses in limiting the overvoltage which because in the electrical power system the thunder and lightning causes, also uses in limiting the overvoltage which, because the system operation produces.

At present, Yueqing Aceurate Electrical Appliance And Equipment Factory Zhejiang Province’s arrester has tubular and the valve type two broad headings. The valve arrester divides into the silicon carbide valve arrester and the metal oxide compound arrester (calls the zinc oxide arrester).

The tubular arrester. The inside clearance (said that arc extinguishing gap) puts in produces was made the material makes in the arc extinguishing tube, outside the gap separates the pipe and the electrical network. The thunder and lightning overvoltage causes the inside and outside gap electric discharge, the inside clearance electric arc high temperature to cause to produce was made that the material produces the gas, in the tube the barometric pressure increases rapidly, compressed gas from nozzle blowout arc extinguishing. The tubular arrester has the big impact discharge current capability, available in thunder electric current peak-to-peak value very big place. But the tubular arrester discharge voltage is high, and the dispersivity is big, when movement has the truncation wave, the protective value is bad. Mainly uses in the transformer substation, the power plant coil in protection and the line insulation weakness protection.

The silicon carbide arrester its key job part is folds installs in seals in the petticoat insulators the arcing distance and the silicon carbide valve piece (voltage class high arrester product has multisection petticoat insulatorses). Arcing distance's leading role is usually isolates the valve piece with the charged conductor, when overvoltage electric discharge and dump supplies after flow. The silicon carbide arrester's arcing distance is composed of many gap series, the electric discharge dispersivity is small, the volt-second characteristic is smooth, the arc extinguishing performance is good. The silicon carbide valve piece is take the electrician silicon carbide as a main body, after cement mix, after presses the misalignment resistance element which the shape, the agglutination become, assumes the circle caky. The silicon carbide valve piece's leading role absorbs the overvoltage energy, uses its resistance the misalignment (under high voltage big electric current resistance value large scale drop) to limit the discharging current (to call remnant pressure) and the limit after flow peak-to-peak value through own pressure drop, with arcing distance synergism extinguishment after flow electric arc. The silicon carbide arrester is different according to the structure, also divides into the ordinary valve type and magnetism blows the valve type two kinds. The latter enhances the extinguishing of arc performance using the magnetic field actuation electric arc, thus has the better protective value. The silicon carbide arrester protective value is good, widely uses in the junction, the direct current system, protects the electricity generation, the power transformation equipment's insulation.

The metal oxide compound arrester its key job part is the seal in the petticoat insulators zinc oxide valve piece. The zinc oxide valve piece is take ZnO as a substrate, increases few Bi2O3, MnO2, Sb2O3, Co3O3, Cr2O3 and so on misalignment resistance element which makes, has is better than much a misalignment voltage-current characteristic the silicon carbide, only winds through the microampere level continually under the working voltage the leakage current, after the movement, does not have the after flow. Therefore the metal zinc oxide arrester does not need the arcing distance, thus causes the structure to simplify, and has the movement to respond quickly, bears the multiple thunder and lightning overvoltage 'OR' operation overvoltage function, energy absorbtion capacity big, to bear the contamination performance well and so on merits. Because the metal zinc oxide arrester protective value surpasses the silicon carbide arrester, has been substituting for the silicon carbide arrester gradually, widely uses in the junction, the direct current system, protects the electricity generation, the power transformation equipment's insulation, especially suits (sees electrical power system neutral point earth way) in the neutral point useful earthing 110 kilovolt and the above electrical network..

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